Black Salve Indonesia

By Dr. Mercola

Due to the many requests I received from concerned readers asking for guidance about strategies to help protect against radioactive fallout in the wake of the Japanese nuclear disaster, I recently wrote an article addressing those concerns.

Although the suggestions I made were all based on the latest scientific research, my investigation will be continuing in this area so that I can further refine those recommendations.

And as I learn more, I will pass along that information to you.

That said, one specific superfood that jumps to the top of the list is spirulina, and it's this very special blue-green "algae" that I want to expand upon today.

There is a great deal of research about spirulina's effectiveness in insulating you from the effects of radiation.

Spirulina was actually used to treat children exposed to chronic low-levels of radiation after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, which I'll be covering in more detail below.

According to a scientific review of spirulina's benefits in the Journal of Applied Phycology:

"Up to very recently, the interest in Spirulina was mainly in its nutritive value. Currently, however, numerous people are looking into the possible therapeutic effects of Spirulina.

Many pre-clinical studies and a few clinical studies suggest several therapeutic effects ranging from reduction of cholesterol and cancer to enhancing the immune system, increasing intestinal lactobacilli, reducing nephrotoxicity by heavy metals and drugs and radiation protection."

Spirulina is ranked by AARP as the #1 superfood for extending your lifespan, and the UN has identified it as a primary ingredient in the fight against malnutrition worldwide. But what exactly is spirulina? You may be surprised!

Spirulina: One of Nature's Near-Perfect Foods

Spirulina is similar to sea vegetables such as dulse, kelp, nori, kombu, arame, wakame, etc. Along with its cousin chlorella (another of my favorites) spirulina is a member of the "blue-green" family—but this family is actually not algae.

Although you will often hear the term "blue-green algae," spirulina and its kin are actually cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are classified as bacteria because their genetic material is not organized in a membrane-bound nucleus. Unlike other bacteria, they have chlorophyll and use the sun as an energy source, in the way plants and algae do.

Spirulina is primarily produced by two species: Arthrospira platensis and Arthrospira maxima.

One of the special traits of spirulina is its rich protein content—it's up to 70 percent protein by weight and contains all of the essential amino acids. Records of the Spanish conquistadors suggest that the Aztecs consumed spirulina as a food source, and the Kanembu people of Central Africa harvested it from what is now called Lake Chad.

Wild spirulina grows in the alkaline lakes of Mexico and on the African continent, although it is commercially grown and harvested all over the world. It reproduces quickly, and because the individual organisms tend to stick together, it is easy to harvest. Commercial production of spirulina is estimated to reach 220,000 tons by the year 2020.

Japan is the largest producer—and also the largest consumer—of spirulina.

Spirulina Offers Across-the-Board Health Benefits

Spirulina is high in various B vitamins (including B-12), beta-carotene and other carotenoids, and minerals including calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, manganese, potassium and zinc. It is also a great source of gamma-linoleic acid (GLA), an essential fatty acid for your heart and joints.

Many of these vitamins and minerals have strong antioxidant properties, which help you eliminate toxins and fight disease. Spirulina is highly effective for heavy metal detoxification, and many studies now point to spirulina as a natural cancer-fighting agent. Research on spirulina suggests it offers potential benefits for a wide variety of health issues, including:

Digestion, tempering appetite, stabilizing blood sugar and reducing diabetes risk	Balancing gut flora and fighting Candida	Killing viruses
Improving blood	Reducing inflammation	Preventing eye diseases
Normalizing cholesterol	Protecting your liver, heart, kidneys, and brain	Reducing allergic reactions
Fighting cancer	Boosting your immune system	Preventing/treating thyroid disorders

But what is it about spirulina that explains its ability to protect you from the damaging effects of ionizing radiation? One of the explanations is cyanobacteria's unique blue pigment, phycocyanin. Spirulina is 16 percent phycocyanin by weight. Phycocyanin attaches to spirulina's membranes to impart the distinctive bluish color.

Besides being a pigment, phycocyanin is also a nitrogen storage molecule. The nitrogen atoms bind with heavy metals, such as radioactive caesium-137, strontium-90, and potassium-40, hence "cleansing" these radioactive metals from your body.

It All Started with Chernobyl

The benefits of spirulina for radiation treatment really came to light just after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, near the Belarus border of Ukraine.

When the Chernobyl reactor melted down, approximately 134 plant workers and firefighters were exposed to high doses of radiation—800 to 16,000 mSv—and developed acute radiation sickness.

Of those 134 workers, 28 died within 3 months of exposure.

In total, more than 160,000 children and 146,000 cleanup workers became victims of radiation poisoning as a result of living and working in that radiotoxic environment, raising the incidence of birth defects, leukemia, anemia, cancers, thyroid disease, liver and bone marrow degeneration, and overall severely compromised immune systems.

According to Bill Bodri's 2004 book How to Help Support the Body's Healing After Intense Radioactive or Radiation Exposure, after the Chernobyl disaster a British company reportedly sent shipments of spirulina to clinics in Belarus to treat child victims of radiation sickness. Soviet physicians at the Institute of Radiation Medicine in Minsk administered 5 grams of spirulina daily to some of the radiation-exposed children for 45 consecutive days.

They were amazed to see these children show rapid improvements, compared to the children who did not receive spirulina, in the following ways:

• The spirulina-treated children showed bone marrow, spinal fluid, blood cell and liver regeneration.
• Dangerously low white blood cell counts of about 1,000 (typical of leukemia) rose to 3,000 in only 20 days.
• Urine radioactivity levels decreased by 50 percent in 20 days.

According to Bodri, "Health restoration was reported even when radiation sickness was so advanced that the children's eyes were bulging out of their sockets." And the results occurred despite ongoing radiation exposure from contaminated food and water.

Based on the Minsk results, the Belarus Ministry of Health concluded that spirulina accelerates the evacuation of radionuclides from the human body, without adverse side effects. Spirulina was particularly efficient at deactivating radioactive caesium from their bodies.

More Russian Studies Soon Followed—With Encouraging Results

A 1993 report (author L.P. Loseva) confirmed the 1991 findings about the benefits of spirulina for children with radiation sickness, leading to the awarding of a Russian patent for spirulina in the treatment of radiation sickness.

A follow up report (also written by Loseva in September of 1999 for the 8^th International Congress of Applied Algology) concluded:

"Spirulina platensis is an effective natural adsorbent of long-life radionuclides caesium-137, strontium-90, and potassium-40 and can lead to a reduction of radioactive contamination in children ages 10 to 16 years of age."

There is also a report that younger children, aged 3 to 7, in Beryozovka (near Grodno on the Polish border) who were poisoned with radioactivity from Chernobyl, as well as simultaneous lead poisoning from a nearby glass factory, showed improvement after being treated with spirulina for 45 days.

Radiation causes Hematopoietic syndrome, marked by a three-way drop in blood cells: the result is infection (related to insufficient white cells), anemia (inadequate red blood cells), and bleeding (diminished platelets).  Spirulina helps with these symptoms. Physicians saw T-cell suppressors and beneficial hormones increase, and urine radioactivity decrease, in 83 percent of the children who received the treatment.

A Russian study (L. Evets, et al. 1994) involving 270 children living in highly radioactive areas found that the children's elevated immunoglobulin E levels (IgE) were normalized by 5 grams of spirulina per day for 6 weeks. Normalizing IgE reduces allergic reactions.

Spirulina's Glowing Reports as a "Radiation Shield"

It is thought that spirulina protects your body from radiation damage and helps it detoxify through a combination of the mechanisms outlined in the following table.

Spirulina has high natural iodine, which protects NOT ONLY your thyroid, but all glandular tissues in your body.

Spirulina is abundant in vitamins and minerals and antioxidants, which collectively promote healing and strengthen your immune system.

Spirulina is high in phytopigments (phycocyanin, chlorophyll, beta-carotene and other carotenoids), which enhance antioxidants and reduce free radical damage from radiation, as well as from pollutants, drugs and other environmental toxins. These pigments may also help explain spirulina's anti-inflammatory properties.

Spirulina is high in metallo-thionine compounds (proteins combined with metals) that bind heavy radioactive isotopes and eliminate them from your body (Matsubara et al. "Radioprotective effect of metallo-thionine," presented at Radial Rays Conference, Tokyo Japan 1985)

Scientists at the Gastro-Intestinal Laboratory at McGill University in Montreal demonstrated that alginates derived from Laminaria could reduce by 50 to 80 percent the amount of radioactive strontium absorbed through the intestine.

Spirulina is rich in highly bioavailable iron, which helps prevent anemia. A new study published in the journal Cellular and Molecular Biology in January 2011 confirms this effect, finding spirulina effective in the treatment of anemia and age-related immune dysfunction among senior citizens.

Spirulina has a number of blood-strengthening properties, as found by this 2001 animal study from China. The study concluded that spirulina has chemo-protective and radio-protective capabilities and shows potential for fighting cancer. Immune cells in your blood are highly radiosensitive and considered to be good indicators for biological effects taking place at the molecular level.

Spirulina somehow helps shield cells from gamma radiation, as shown by this study on the bone marrow of mice.

Spirulina helps to protect your kidneys, which are some of the FIRST organs to suffer damage after significant radiation exposure. Research suggests spirulina helps protect from the nephrotoxicity of cancer treatments, antibiotics and analgesics.

A great many more research studies about spirulina can be accessed here, demonstrating the wide array of spirulina's health benefits.

WARNING About Contamination of Sea-Derived Nutrients

Typically, terrestrial vegetables provide enormous health benefits, but those from the sea can provide loads of additional benefits over land-based vegetables. But, just like eating fish, the issue of contamination is of major concern today.

You probably know I don't advise eating fish, because most are now contaminated with heavy metals like mercury and chemicals like PCBs and dioxins. Unfortunately, most sea vegetables and cyanobacteria are similarly contaminated. So, while they are an ideal source of nutrition, you need to be VERY careful about which ones to consume.

If you are purchasing sea vegetables or spirulina that were harvested since the Japanese nuclear event, you will want to make sure they have been screened for radiation by an independent third party lab.

Dr. David Brownstein, an expert on iodine and your thyroid, sent a number of sea vegetable samples to labs and found most of them to be contaminated with heavy metals, actually containing bromine instead of iodine, which is the "toxic bully" of the halide group.

I believe that toxin-free sea vegetables and spirulina are likely the ideal way to obtain your iodine—just as toxin-free fish is the best source of animal based omega-3 fats. However, with all of the pollutants in today's environment, those ideals are increasingly difficult to achieve.

Spirulina Dosing Recommendations

Assuming it's from a pristine source, spirulina can be a tremendous nutritional supplement for you, your children, and your pets, providing highly bioavailable iodine and a bonanza of super-nutrients.

If you are going to start on a spirulina regimen, the recommended dosage is 3,000 mg per day for adults, and 500 to 1,500 mg for children, for use as a preventative. For therapeutic use, 10,000 to even 20,000 mg per day is required for adults.